OF THE CAROLINAS & GEORGIA

Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Asterids: Lamiids: Lamiales

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Linaria canadensis   FAMILY Plantaginaceae   Go to FSUS key



SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Nuttallanthus canadensis   FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)

Linaria canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America

Nuttallanthus canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)

Nuttallanthus canadensis

INCLUDED WITHIN VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 166-16-001:

Linaria canadensis   FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)

Linaria canadensis var. canadensis

 

COMMON NAME:
Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax


         To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913    pnd_lica6_001_lvd

        

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm080301_022b

March    Charleston County    SC

Santee Coastal Reserve

Erect stem leaves alternate & scattered, linear, 5-20mm long, 2-3mm wide, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm080301_024b

March    Charleston County    SC

Santee Coastal Reserve

Spreading stems' leaves opposite or whorled, linear, 3-12mm long, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Gill Newberry    gn04_l_canadensis_clump

April        

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Gill Newberry    gn04_l_canadensis_nuttall

April        

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Gill Newberry    gn04_linaria_canadensis

April        

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm0504b_11

April    Greenville County    SC

Field

Leaves hairless, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm070428_002

April    Greenville County    SC

Field

Flowers crowded at the end and around a long stalk (raceme), per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm200422_4036

April    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm41911_77

April    Spartanburg County    SC

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_202

April    Spartanburg County    SC

A white form.

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_210

April    Spartanburg County    SC

A conspicuous spur points down from the corolla, per Guide to the Wildflowers of SC, 1st ed. (Porcher & Rayner, 2001).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_213

April    Spartanburg County    SC

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_221

April    Spartanburg County    SC

Curved elongated spur projects downward through calyx; 5 lanceolate sepals, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_84

April    Spartanburg County    SC

Lower lip has a double-humped white palate & much exceeds the upper lip, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

Roxanna Martin    rlm4211_85

April    Spartanburg County    SC

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    s000416_b

April    Greenville County    SC

Roadside

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm200516_4857

May    Pickens County    SC

Capsule subglobose, 2-3mm in diameter, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220607_8331

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220607_8333

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

Fertile stems simple, rarely distally branched, per Flora of North America.

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220607_8334

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220612_8538

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

Seeds black or gray, 0.3-0.5mm, edges sharp, faces obscurely tuberculate, per Flora of North America.

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220612_8542

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220612_8544

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

Pedicels erect, 1.8-5.5mm in fruit, sparsely glandular-pubescent, sometimes glabrous, per Flora of North America.

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm220612_8546

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

image of Linaria canadensis, Oldfield Toadflax, Common Toadflax, Canada Toadflax

JK Marlow    jkm230606_3867

June    Greenville County    SC

Bald Rock Heritage Preserve

 

 

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Linaria canadensis   FAMILY Plantaginaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Nuttallanthus canadensis   FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2021)
Linaria canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH Flora of North America
Nuttallanthus canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Nuttallanthus canadensis

INCLUDED WITHIN VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 166-16-001:
Linaria canadensis   FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Linaria canadensis var. canadensis

 

Find by SCIENTIFIC NAME:

841

Forb
Winter annual/Biennial

Habitat: In a wide variety of natural and disturbed habitats, especially common and weedy in disturbed sites such as roadsides and fields, also common and apparently native in thin soil of rock outcrops, per Weakley's Flora

Native to the Carolinas & Georgia

Common (rare in NC Mountains)

map
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.

LEAVES:
Simple
Lvs of erect stems alternate, lvs of prostrate stems opposite (rarely whorled)

FLOWER:
Spring/Summer
Blue/Purple
Bilaterally symmetrical
5-parted calyx
2-lipped corolla
4 included stamens (2 long, 2 short)
Superior ovary
Bisexual

Inflorescence a raceme

FRUIT:
Spring/Summer/Fall
Capsule

 

TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!



 


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