Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Asterids: Lamiids: Lamiales
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (2/10/25):
Monarda fistulosa +
FAMILY
Lamiaceae
Go to FSUS key
Dig deeper at SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria.
Read more about Wild Bergamot at Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
(?)
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Monarda fistulosa +
FAMILY
Lamiaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH Vascular flora of Illinois (Mohlenbrock, 2014)
Monarda fistulosa +
INCLUDED WITHIN VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 164-23-003:
Monarda fistulosa FAMILY Lamiaceae
COMMON NAME:
Wild Bergamot
To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.
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USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913 pnd_mofi_001_lvd
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USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA Wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide pnd_mofi_007_lvd
)
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913 pnd_momo2_001_lvd
Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. mollis
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Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_m_fistulosa
June
Outer bracts green or reddish, depending on variety, per Weakley's Flora (2012).
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Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_monarda_fistulosa_1
June
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Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_monarda_fistulosa_1b
June
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Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_monarda_fistulosa_1c
June
A tuft of hairs at tip of the upper lip sets this apart from other Monarda, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_monarda_fistulosa_1d
June
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Gill Newberry gn07_monarda_fistulosa
July
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JK Marlow jkm080726_129
July Haywood County NC
Corneille Bryan Native Garden
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JK Marlow jkm080729_042
July Haywood County NC
Corneille Bryan Native Garden
Bergamot's chief pollinators are bumblebees and butterflies, per Book of Field and Roadside (Eastman, 2003).
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JK Marlow jkm080729_048
July Haywood County NC
Corneille Bryan Native Garden
Each floret is bisexual, its color attracting long-tongued pollinators, per Book of Field and Roadside (Eastman, 2003).
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Keith Bradley kab_m_fistulosa_1061
July Buncombe County NC
North Carolina Arboretum
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JK Marlow s080729_b
July Haywood County NC
Corneille Bryan Native Garden
Leaves deltoid-lanceolate, base slightly tapered to truncate, ~ serrate, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Patrick D. McMillan pdmmfistulosa_1
July-August
Pollinator at work.
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Patrick D. McMillan pdmmfistulosa_3
July-August?
Florets develop progressively from center of cyme outward, per Book of Field and Roadside (Eastman, 2003).
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Gill Newberry gn08_m_fistulosa_headlike
August
The final stage is a bald central cyme ringed by a fringe of florets, per Book of Field and Roadside (Eastman, 2003).
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Gill Newberry gn08_m_fistulose_tope_of2
August
Orifice of the calyx densely hirsute with numerous erect, stiff, white hairs, per Weakley's Flora.
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Gill Newberry gn08_springjuly302007_162
August
Pollinator at work.
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JK Marlow jkm060805_075
August Haywood County NC
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (2/10/25):
Monarda fistulosa +
FAMILY
Lamiaceae
(?)
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Monarda fistulosa +
FAMILY
Lamiaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Vascular flora of Illinois (Mohlenbrock, 2014)
Monarda fistulosa +
INCLUDED WITHIN
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 164-23-003:
Monarda fistulosa
FAMILY
Lamiaceae
943
Forb
Perennial
Native
Common, uncommon, rare, or absent - depending on variety & region
LEAVES:
Simple
Opposite
Leaves have petioles.
FLOWER:
Summer/Fall
Pink/Lavender/Purple
Bilaterally symmetrical
5-toothed calyx
2-lipped tubular corolla
2 exserted stamens
Superior ovary
Bisexual
FRUIT:
Summer/Fall
Schizocarp of mericarps
TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!
- All About South Carolina Wildflowers (Midgley, 1999) p204
- Gardening with Native Plants of the South (Wasowski & Wasowski, 1994, 2020) p152
- Gardening with the Native Plants of Tennessee (Hunter, 2002) p150
- Great Smoky Mountains Wildflowers (Campbell, Hutson, Sharp, & Hutson, 1962) p114
- Newcomb's Wildflower Guide (Newcomb, 1977) p092
- Wildflowers of the Atlantic Southeast (Cotterman, Waitt, & Weakley, 2019) p324
- Wild Flowers of NC, 2nd edition (Justice, Bell, & Lindsey, 2005) p219
- Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Georgia (Chafin, 2016) p237
- Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005) p223
- Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005) p265
- Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998) p139
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